It is normal for people to feel tired, gain some weight, and feel colder than usual from time to time. However, when these symptoms occur persistently, are not explained by external life events, and continue to worsen, it might be time to visit your primary clinic to ask about possible evaluation for hypothyroidism, a disorder of the thyroid.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in your neck. It secretes chemicals called hormones that influence many functions in your body. Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones. It affects up to 5% of the world’s population, with a higher occurrence in women and older adults.

Symptoms

If you’re experiencing any of the following symptoms, it might be worth looking into hypothyroidism:

• Extreme Fatigue: Feeling exhausted even after a good sleep or needing naps during the day.
• Weight Gain: Gaining weight without changes in your diet or exercise routine.
• Cold Intolerance: Feeling cold all the time, even when others are comfortable.
• Dry Skin and Hair: Experiencing particularly dry, itchy skin or hair loss.
• Mood Changes: Feeling down, anxious, or irritable without a clear reason.
• Brain Fog: Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or feeling sluggish.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on laboratory testing. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, often accompanied by low free thyroxine (T4) levels, can confirm the diagnosis. 

Treatment

The mainstay of treatment is levothyroxine (LT4), a synthetic form of T4. It should be taken on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before the first meal, to enhance absorption. Calcium or iron supplements should not be taken within four hours of their thyroid medication. Regular monitoring of TSH levels is essential to ensure appropriate dosing. TSH should be checked 6-8 weeks after any dose adjustment and annually once stable. Pregnant women with hypothyroidism need to increase their levothyroxine dose and have monthly TSH monitoring. 

Hypothyroidism is a common condition that can significantly impact your life if left untreated. By recognizing the symptoms and understanding the causes, you can take action. If you or someone you know are experiencing any of the symptoms, please seek medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuromuscular dysfunction.

Kimberley Ho, MD, is accepting patients at White River Health Internal Medicine. To schedule an appointment, call 870-262-1510.